The MRFF Clinical Trials Activity Initiative supports clinical trials that strengthen the evidence base for clinical care, improve patient access to relevant trials, and enable Australian participation in international research. Funding is provided across four streams: Stream 1 supports pilot studies assessing feasibility of trials in rare cancers, rare diseases or areas of unmet need; Stream 2 funds clinical trials of treatments or management strategies for rare conditions; Stream 3 supports trials addressing evidence gaps relevant to Australian health technology assessment; and Stream 4 funds prevention trials targeting early intervention to reduce disease risk or progression.